| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D | 50 mcg | 250% |
| Niacin | 20 mg | 125% |
| Folate | 666 mcg DFE | 167% |
| Vitamin B12 | 6 mcg | 250% |
| Biotin | 1000 mcg | 3333% |
| Pantothenic Acid | 10 mg | 200% |
| Choline | 10 mg | 2% |
| Iodine | 150 mcg | 100% |
| Zinc | 15 mg | 136% |
| Copper | 2 mg | 222% |
| Manganese | 2 mg | 87% |
| Para-Aminobenzoic Acid | 10 mg | — |
| Inositol | 10 mg | — |
| Soy Protein | 25 mg | — |
| Brewer's Yeast | 5 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, natural Palm leaf glaze, Silica, Magnesium Stearate
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in immune cell development and function. Supplementation may reduce duration of common cold symptoms, particularly as lozenges. Essential for maintaining immune barrier integrity.
Essential for skin integrity and wound repair processes.
Adequate folate intake before and during early pregnancy reduces risk of neural tube defects. This is one of the most well-established findings in nutrition.
Essential cofactor for nucleotide synthesis and cell division.
Essential for red blood cell formation. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, confirmed by decades of clinical evidence.
Involved in myelin synthesis and nerve function. Adequate B12 status supports neurological health, particularly in older adults and vegans.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Vitamin D) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
Cofactor in energy production pathways, but supplementation only helps if deficient.
At pharmacological doses (1500-3000mg), niacin may improve HDL cholesterol. This effect is dose-dependent and not expected at typical supplement doses.
Essential coenzyme (NAD/NADP) in hundreds of metabolic reactions.
Limited evidence. May help in cases of biotin deficiency but most people get adequate amounts from diet.
Essential cofactor for carboxylases involved in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism.
Essential for calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults — a well-established causal relationship.
May reduce risk of respiratory infections. Active area of research.
Some association between low vitamin D levels and depression, but evidence is inconsistent.