| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Total Carbohydrates | 1 Gram(s) | — |
| Thiamine | 15 mg | 1250% |
| Niacin | 20 mg | 130% |
| Vitamin B6 | 20 mg | 1180% |
| Folate | 340 mcg DFE | 90% |
| Vitamin B12 | 125 mcg | 5210% |
| L-Citrulline Malate | 4000 mg | — |
| Beta-Alanine | 2000 mg | — |
| Betaine Anhydrous | 1200 mg | — |
| Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate | 750 mg | — |
| Agmatine Sulfate | 500 mg | — |
| N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine | 300 mg | — |
| L-Theanine | 200 mg | — |
| Caffeine Anhydrous | 200 mg | — |
| L-Norvaline | 100 mg | — |
| Theobromine | 100 mg | — |
| Huperzine A | 50 mcg | — |
Other ingredients: Natural Flavors, Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Calcium Silicate, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, Blue Spirulina
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Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Adequate folate intake before and during early pregnancy reduces risk of neural tube defects. This is one of the most well-established findings in nutrition.
Essential cofactor for nucleotide synthesis and cell division.
Essential for red blood cell formation. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, confirmed by decades of clinical evidence.
Involved in myelin synthesis and nerve function. Adequate B12 status supports neurological health, particularly in older adults and vegans.
Cofactor in energy production pathways, but supplementation only helps if deficient.
Involved in neurotransmitter synthesis including serotonin and dopamine. Cofactor for over 100 enzyme reactions.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Pre-Workout) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
B6 is a cofactor in the transsulfuration pathway, converting homocysteine to cysteine. This is a separate pathway from the B12/folate remethylation route.
At pharmacological doses (1500-3000mg), niacin may improve HDL cholesterol. This effect is dose-dependent and not expected at typical supplement doses.
Essential coenzyme (NAD/NADP) in hundreds of metabolic reactions.
Essential cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and other enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism.