| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 10 Calorie(s) | — |
| Vitamin A | 5000 IU | 100% |
| Vitamin C | 250 mg | 417% |
| Niacinamide | 50 mg | 250% |
| Vitamin B6 | 12 mg | 600% |
| Zinc | 15 mg | 100% |
| Selenium | 100 mcg | 143% |
| Copper | 1 mg | 50% |
| Manganese | 10 mg | 500% |
| Molybdenum | 130 mcg | 173% |
| MSM | 1.125 Gram(s) | — |
| Glucosamine Sulfate | 900 mg | — |
| Boswellia gum resin extract | 321 mg | — |
| Quercetin | 150 mg | — |
| Horse Chestnut seed extract | 100 mg | — |
| Turmeric rhizome extract | 50 mg | — |
| Stinging Nettle | 50 mg | — |
| Ashwagandha root extract | 50 mg | — |
| N-Acetyl Cysteine | 50 mg | — |
| Grape seed extract | 25 mg | — |
| Aloe vera whole leaf concentrate | 25 mg | — |
| Black Pepper fruit extract | 1 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Sorbitol, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, modified Cellulose Gum, Silica, Magnesium Stearate
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for rhodopsin production in the retina. Deficiency causes night blindness — one of the earliest recognized nutritional deficiencies.
Critical role in maintaining mucosal barriers and immune cell function.
Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in immune cell development and function. Supplementation may reduce duration of common cold symptoms, particularly as lozenges. Essential for maintaining immune barrier integrity.
Essential for skin integrity and wound repair processes.
Involved in neurotransmitter synthesis including serotonin and dopamine. Cofactor for over 100 enzyme reactions.
B6 is a cofactor in the transsulfuration pathway, converting homocysteine to cysteine. This is a separate pathway from the B12/folate remethylation route.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Vitamin C) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
Supports immune cell function. Regular supplementation may modestly reduce cold duration, but does not prevent colds.
Potent water-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.
Essential cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen production.
Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties in clinical studies, though bioavailability is low without enhanced formulations (piperine, liposomal, etc.).
Curcumin may reduce joint pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Effects depend on bioavailability — enhanced forms (BCM-95, Meriva, piperine) show better results than standard curcumin.
Multiple RCTs show cortisol reduction and improved stress/anxiety scores, primarily with standardized extracts (KSM-66, Sensoril) at 300-600mg/day.
Limited evidence for testosterone effects, primarily in stressed or subfertile men using KSM-66 extract. Results in healthy men are inconsistent.
May improve VO2 max, strength, and recovery. Typically studied at 300-600mg/day of standardized root extract (KSM-66 or equivalent).
At pharmacological doses (1500-3000mg), niacin may improve HDL cholesterol. This effect is dose-dependent and not expected at typical supplement doses.
Essential coenzyme (NAD/NADP) in hundreds of metabolic reactions.
Multiple RCTs show cortisol reduction and improved stress/anxiety scores, primarily with standardized extracts (KSM-66, Sensoril) at 300-600mg/day.
Limited evidence for testosterone effects, primarily in stressed or subfertile men using KSM-66 extract. Results in healthy men are inconsistent.
May improve VO2 max, strength, and recovery. Typically studied at 300-600mg/day of standardized root extract (KSM-66 or equivalent).
No FDA warnings or recalls on file.