| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 20000 IU | 400% |
| Vitamin C | 1000 mg | 1667% |
| Vitamin E | 400 IU | 1333% |
| Folate | 200 mcg | 50% |
| Iron | 18 mg | 100% |
| Zinc | 30 mg | 200% |
| Selenium | 200 mcg | 285% |
| L-Cysteine | 200 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Di-Calcium Phosphate, Silica, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate, Riboflavin, Chlorophyll, Echinacea angustifolia, Pau d'Arco, Thyme, Juniper, Korean Ginseng, Irish Moss, Rosemary, Pharmaceutical Glaze
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for rhodopsin production in the retina. Deficiency causes night blindness — one of the earliest recognized nutritional deficiencies.
Critical role in maintaining mucosal barriers and immune cell function.
Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in immune cell development and function. Supplementation may reduce duration of common cold symptoms, particularly as lozenges. Essential for maintaining immune barrier integrity.
Essential for skin integrity and wound repair processes.
Adequate folate intake before and during early pregnancy reduces risk of neural tube defects. This is one of the most well-established findings in nutrition.
Essential cofactor for nucleotide synthesis and cell division.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Vitamin C) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
Supports immune cell function. Regular supplementation may modestly reduce cold duration, but does not prevent colds.
Potent water-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.
Essential cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen production.
Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes from oxidation.
May help protect skin from UV damage when combined with vitamin C.
Iron supplementation is used to address iron deficiency. Should be taken under medical supervision as excess iron can be harmful.
Iron is essential for oxygen transport and cellular energy production.