| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 3220 IU | 64% |
| Vitamin E | 28 IU | 93% |
| Zinc | 2 mg | 13% |
| Manganese | 2 mg | 100% |
| L-Carnosine | 140 mg | — |
| Taurine | 140 mg | — |
| Bilberry Extract | 45 mg | — |
| Lutein | 9 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Silica
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for rhodopsin production in the retina. Deficiency causes night blindness — one of the earliest recognized nutritional deficiencies.
Critical role in maintaining mucosal barriers and immune cell function.
Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in immune cell development and function. Supplementation may reduce duration of common cold symptoms, particularly as lozenges. Essential for maintaining immune barrier integrity.
Essential for skin integrity and wound repair processes.
Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes from oxidation.
May help protect skin from UV damage when combined with vitamin C.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Zinc) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.