| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D | 2.5 mcg | 13% |
| Vitamin B1 | 1 mg | 83% |
| Vitamin B2 | 2 mg | 154% |
| Vitamin B6 | 10 mg | 588% |
| Vitamin B12 | 500 mcg | 20833% |
| Choline | 50 mg | 9% |
| Rhodiola rosea Root Extract | 50 mg | — |
| Bacopa monnieri Leaf Extract | 100 mg | — |
| Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract | 100 mg | — |
| Phosphatidylserine | 50 mg | — |
| Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine | 50 mg | — |
| L-Theanine | 50 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Rice, Powder, Gelatin, Rice hull concentrate
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for red blood cell formation. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, confirmed by decades of clinical evidence.
Involved in myelin synthesis and nerve function. Adequate B12 status supports neurological health, particularly in older adults and vegans.
Cofactor in energy production pathways, but supplementation only helps if deficient.
Involved in neurotransmitter synthesis including serotonin and dopamine. Cofactor for over 100 enzyme reactions.
B6 is a cofactor in the transsulfuration pathway, converting homocysteine to cysteine. This is a separate pathway from the B12/folate remethylation route.
Essential for calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults — a well-established causal relationship.
No reviews yet.
Alternatives are selected from the same category (Vitamin D) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
May reduce risk of respiratory infections. Active area of research.
Some association between low vitamin D levels and depression, but evidence is inconsistent.
Essential cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and other enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism.
At 400mg/day (far above RDA of 1.3mg), riboflavin may reduce migraine frequency. Effect is dose-dependent and not expected at typical supplement doses.