| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Thiamine | 2.5 mg | 167% |
| Riboflavin | 2.5 mg | 147% |
| Niacin | 5 mg | 25% |
| Vitamin B12 | 100 mcg | 1667% |
| Protease | 10 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Contains Less Than 2% of
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Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for red blood cell formation. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, confirmed by decades of clinical evidence.
Involved in myelin synthesis and nerve function. Adequate B12 status supports neurological health, particularly in older adults and vegans.
Cofactor in energy production pathways, but supplementation only helps if deficient.
At 400mg/day (far above RDA of 1.3mg), riboflavin may reduce migraine frequency. Effect is dose-dependent and not expected at typical supplement doses.
At pharmacological doses (1500-3000mg), niacin may improve HDL cholesterol. This effect is dose-dependent and not expected at typical supplement doses.
Essential coenzyme (NAD/NADP) in hundreds of metabolic reactions.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (B Vitamins) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
Essential cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and other enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism.