| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 8 {Calories} | — |
| Total Carbohydrates | 2 g | 1% |
| Vitamin C | 30 mg | 50% |
| Vitamin D | 200 IU | 50% |
| Vitamin E | 8 IU | 27% |
| Vitamin B12 | 5.5 mcg | 92% |
| Phosphatidylcholine | 12.5 mg | — |
| Phosphatidylserine | 5 mg | — |
| Proprietary Blend | 10.5 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Natural sweeteners, Cellulose, Natural flavor, Sucanat, Magnesium Stearate, Silica
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for red blood cell formation. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, confirmed by decades of clinical evidence.
Involved in myelin synthesis and nerve function. Adequate B12 status supports neurological health, particularly in older adults and vegans.
Cofactor in energy production pathways, but supplementation only helps if deficient.
Supports immune cell function. Regular supplementation may modestly reduce cold duration, but does not prevent colds.
Potent water-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.
Essential cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen production.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Vitamin C) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes from oxidation.
May help protect skin from UV damage when combined with vitamin C.
Essential for calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults — a well-established causal relationship.
May reduce risk of respiratory infections. Active area of research.
Some association between low vitamin D levels and depression, but evidence is inconsistent.