| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Total Carbohydrates | 1 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Vitamin A | 10000 IU | 200% |
| Vitamin C | 200 mg | 333% |
| Vitamin D | 35 IU | 9% |
| Vitamin B12 | 50 mcg | 833% |
| Pantothenic Acid | 25 mg | 250% |
| Calcium | 41 mg | 4% |
| Magnesium | 6.7 mg | 2% |
| Zinc | 10 mg | 67% |
| Selenium | 20 mcg | 29% |
| Molybdenum | 25 mcg | 33% |
| European Elder (Sambucus nigra) (berry) concentrate | 100 mg | — |
| Alfalfa | 50 mg | — |
| Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) root extract | 50 mg | — |
| Mixed Bioflavonoids | 30 mg | — |
| Silicon | 667 mcg | — |
| Boron | 334 mcg | — |
| Vanadium | 0.67 mcg | — |
Other ingredients: Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Modified Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Soy Lecithin, Vegetable Glycerin, Carnauba Wax
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for rhodopsin production in the retina. Deficiency causes night blindness — one of the earliest recognized nutritional deficiencies.
Critical role in maintaining mucosal barriers and immune cell function.
Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in immune cell development and function. Supplementation may reduce duration of common cold symptoms, particularly as lozenges. Essential for maintaining immune barrier integrity.
Essential for skin integrity and wound repair processes.
Primary structural component of bones. Adequate lifelong intake, combined with vitamin D, helps prevent osteoporosis — supported by extensive clinical evidence.
Essential for muscle contraction through calcium signaling.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Vitamin C) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
May improve sleep quality, especially in older adults and those with low magnesium status.
60% of body magnesium is stored in bone. Essential for bone mineralization.
May reduce muscle cramps and support post-exercise recovery.
Essential for red blood cell formation. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, confirmed by decades of clinical evidence.
Involved in myelin synthesis and nerve function. Adequate B12 status supports neurological health, particularly in older adults and vegans.
Cofactor in energy production pathways, but supplementation only helps if deficient.
Supports immune cell function. Regular supplementation may modestly reduce cold duration, but does not prevent colds.
Potent water-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.
Essential cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen production.
Essential for calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults — a well-established causal relationship.
May reduce risk of respiratory infections. Active area of research.
Some association between low vitamin D levels and depression, but evidence is inconsistent.