| Ingredient | Amount | % DV% Daily Value — how much of the recommended daily intake one serving provides, based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 100% = full daily need. Values over 100% are common for water-soluble vitamins (B, C) and generally safe. Values over 200% are highlighted. |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 500 mcg RE | 63% |
| Beta-Carotene | 7 mg | — |
| Vitamin E | 100 mg ATE | 833% |
| Vitamin C | 156 mg | 195% |
| Zinc | 15 mg | 150% |
| Manganese | 1.2 mg | 60% |
| Selenium | 200 mcg | 364% |
| Chromium | 400 mcg | 1000% |
| Bilberry Extract | 500 mg | — |
| Ginkgo biloba Extract | 100 mg | — |
| Grapeseed extract | 100 mg | — |
| Lutein | 10 mg | — |
| Lycopene | 9 mg | — |
| Astaxanthin | 2 mg | — |
| Zeaxanthin | 1 mg | — |
Other ingredients: Bilberry Extract, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract, Vitaflavan, Lycopene, Astaxanthin, Lutein, Zinc Citrate, Beta-Carotene, Zeaxanthin, Magnesium Stearate, Vitamin A, Manganese Citrate, Chromium Picolinate, Sodium Selenite
This score evaluates label quality — dosage disclosure, transparency, cleanliness of inactive ingredients, and formula composition. It does not measure clinical efficacy, bioavailability, or third-party testing. Read full methodology
Same category, higher SupplementScore. Based on dosage transparency, label cleanliness, and formula quality.
The research summaries below are about the ingredients in general, drawn from published studies that often use different doses, forms, and populations than this product. A "strong" evidence rating for an ingredient does not mean this product will produce that effect — studied doses may be significantly higher or lower than what is contained here. Always verify doses against the Supplement Facts table above.
Essential for rhodopsin production in the retina. Deficiency causes night blindness — one of the earliest recognized nutritional deficiencies.
Critical role in maintaining mucosal barriers and immune cell function.
Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in immune cell development and function. Supplementation may reduce duration of common cold symptoms, particularly as lozenges. Essential for maintaining immune barrier integrity.
Essential for skin integrity and wound repair processes.
Supports immune cell function. Regular supplementation may modestly reduce cold duration, but does not prevent colds.
Potent water-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.
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Alternatives are selected from the same category (Vitamin C) with a higher overall score. This is not a recommendation — always verify ingredients and dosages match your needs.
Essential cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen production.
Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes from oxidation.
May help protect skin from UV damage when combined with vitamin C.
Essential for rhodopsin production in the retina. Deficiency causes night blindness — one of the earliest recognized nutritional deficiencies.
Critical role in maintaining mucosal barriers and immune cell function.
Essential for rhodopsin production in the retina. Deficiency causes night blindness — one of the earliest recognized nutritional deficiencies.
Critical role in maintaining mucosal barriers and immune cell function.